Which of the following best illustrates sound science?

The choice that best illustrates sound science is focused on a systematic and empirical approach to understanding a specific environmental and economic factor: measuring wind velocities to determine the cost-effectiveness of windmills in a region. This process involves the collection of data that can be objectively analyzed to assess the viability of wind energy as a sustainable resource in that particular area.

Sound science is characterized by rigorous data collection, hypothesis testing, and analysis. In this instance, measuring wind velocities provides the necessary quantitative data needed to evaluate whether windmills would be an effective and efficient energy solution. This method relies on evidence that can inform decisions, allowing stakeholders to make informed choices about energy alternatives based on scientific findings rather than assumptions, emotions, or political agendas.

The other options represent approaches that are less aligned with sound science. For example, lobbying government officials is more about influencing policy without the backing of robust scientific evidence, while choosing an energy source solely based on profitability may overlook important ecological impacts. Similarly, merely asking voters about windmill placement does not engage with scientific data or analyses to guide the decision, but rather prioritizes public opinion without substantiating it with empirical research.