What ecological characteristic is primarily associated with ecological succession?

Ecological succession is fundamentally about the gradual process of change and development in an ecological community over time. The main characteristic associated with succession is the slow and progressive transformation of species composition and community structure. This process occurs in stages, where pioneer species establish themselves first in a new environment, followed by intermediate species and eventually a mature community, or climax community.

This gradual change is influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions, species interactions, and the availability of resources. It emphasizes the dynamic nature of ecosystems and highlights how they evolve and adapt in response to disturbances or new environmental conditions. Thus, the correct answer reflects the essence of succession, which is characterized by these slow, progressive changes rather than abrupt shifts or randomness in biodiversity.