What challenge is associated with increasing meat consumption in particular regions such as India and sub-Saharan Africa?

The challenge associated with increasing meat consumption in regions like India and sub-Saharan Africa encompasses multiple significant environmental issues, which is why the collective option is the correct choice.

As meat consumption rises, higher greenhouse gas emissions occur primarily due to the methane produced by livestock and the carbon dioxide resulting from the fossil fuels used in feed production and transportation. Ruminant animals, such as cows and sheep, are especially contributors to methane emissions, which have a much stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide on a per molecule basis.

Land degradation due to overgrazing is another concern linked to increased meat consumption. As more land is needed for grazing livestock, it can lead to soil erosion, desertification, and loss of biodiversity. Overgrazing can strip the soil of its nutrients and lead to a decline in vegetation cover, making it difficult for land to regenerate.

Increased demand for water resources is also a critical challenge. Meat production typically requires significantly more water compared to plant-based food sources. This increased demand can put a strain on already limited freshwater resources, especially in regions that may be facing water scarcity.

Given these interconnected issues—higher greenhouse gas emissions, land degradation, and increased water demand—the comprehensive option is the most accurate representation of the challenges associated with