After severe wildfires and heavy rains, which soil horizon is most likely to remain intact with little disturbance?

The C horizon, also known as the parent material, is typically composed of weathered rock and is located below the A and B horizons. It is generally less affected by surface disturbances such as wildfires and heavy rains. While the O horizon (organic layer) may be consumed by fire and the A horizon (topsoil) is subject to erosion and loss of nutrients due to heavy rainfall, the C horizon remains largely intact because it is deeper in the soil profile and less exposed to these immediate surface processes. The E horizon, which primarily consists of leached minerals, may also be susceptible to disturbance, particularly from heavy rainfall. In contrast, the C horizon's stability makes it the most likely layer to remain unaffected after such severe environmental events.